JURNAL KIMIA SAINTEK DAN PENDIDIKAN

UNJUK KERJA NaOH DALAM MEREDUKSI LOGAM BERAT PADA LIMBAH ABU BOILER

2024-05-02T04:59:03+00:00

Proses pembakaran batu bara menghasilkan emisi berupa gas SO₂, NO₂, CO, CO₂, volatile hydrocarbon (VHC), suspended particulate matter (SPM), serta residu padat berupa abu boiler. Abu boiler mengandung berbagai logam berat beracun, diantaranya tembaga (Cu), kobalt (Co), kromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) dan timbal (Pb). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan efisiensi reduksi logam berat Cu, Co, Cr, Pb, dan total dengan melakukan ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut kimia NaOH dan mengubah logam transisi menjadi kompleks dengan Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) pada rasio EDTA: abu boiler sebesar 1:2, 1:1, 2:1; durasi pengadukan sebesar 2 dan 4 jam; serta suhu ekstraksi sebesar 25 dan 60 ^oC. Analisis Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) dilakukan untuk mengetahui penurunan kadar logam berat dari ekstrak abu boiler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi ekstraksi berupa rasio EDTA: abu boiler sebesar 2:1, durasi pengadukan sebesar 4 jam, dan suhu ekstraksi sebesar 60 ^oC dapat menghasilkan persentase penurunan kadar logam berat total tertinggi yang mencapai 77,2% dengan persentase penurunan kadar Co, Cr, Cu, dan Pb secara berturut-turut sebesar 75,4%, 77,9%, 74,5%, dan 81,9%. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rekomendasi bagi penelitian selanjutnya dalam mengeksplor potensi pemanfaatan abu boiler yaitu sebagai bahan campuran aspal, pembuatan batako, dan sebagainya.

FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYETHERSULFONE (PES) MEMBRANES BY BLENDING POLYMERS FOR REMOVAL OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN AIR

2024-05-01T09:33:47+00:00

The PES membrane was modified using a polymer blending method to improve the performance and characteristics of the membrane. This research aims to see the effect of adding biosilica additives on the performance characteristics of PES membranes and determine the optimal composition of additives and solvents for making membranes. The membrane was made using the Non-solvent Induced Phase Separation (NIPS) method with a composition consisting of 18% PES, with the addition of varying concentrations of silica (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) and the membrane using the solvent N-Methyl- 2 Pyrrolidone (NMP) and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). Membrane characterization was carried out by observing membrane morphology using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), membrane surface functional group analysis test using Fourier Tranform Infrared (FTIR), membrane porosity test using the dry-wet weight procedure method, the highest porosity value was found on membrane B2 using a solvent DMSO with 2% silica is 16.88%. Membrane performance was carried out by pure water flux testing, the highest pure water flux value was found in membrane B2 with 2% silica, namely 64.14 L/m2.h. The antifouling test uses flux ratio recovery, the highest antifouling value is found on the A3 membrane with 3% silica, namely 91.3%. As well as rejection of the humic acid solution as a Natural Organic Matter (NOM) sample model using the ultrafiltration (UF) module with a dead end filtration flow system, the highest rejection value was found on the B2 membrane with 2% silica, namely 64.4%.

VERIFIKASI KUALITAS ANALISIS MANGAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK ICP-OES DALAM SAMPEL AIR MINUM

2024-06-11T06:14:25+00:00

Drinking water quality, including the levels of dissolved metals, is an important public health consideration. Manganese (Mn) is a naturally occurring metal that can be present in drinking water sources, and excessive intake of Mn can have adverse health effects. The objective of this study was to verify the performance of the analytical method for the determination of manganese (Mn) concentration in drinking water samples using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) techniques at the PT XYZ Laboratory. The method verification included tests for analyte identity confirmation, linearity, precision, accuracy, as well as the determination of the Method Detection Limit (MDL) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ). The verification results showed that the ICP-OES method met the established performance requirements. The linearity test yielded a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9998, fulfilling the criteria of r ≥ 0.995. The percent relative standard deviation (% RSD) value in the precision test was 1.41%, meeting the requirement of % RSD ≤ 2/3 % CV Horwitz. The accuracy test provided an average percent recovery of 98.66%, which is within the acceptable range of 85-120%. The determined MDL was 0.0006 mg/L, while the LOQ was 0.002 mg/L, both meeting the criteria of MDL < spiked concentration < 10 MDL and LOQ < environmental quality standard. In conclusion, the method for the determination of Mn concentration in drinking water using ICP-OES has been verified and can be used for routine analysis at the PT. XYZ Laboratory, supporting the monitoring and control of Mn levels in drinking water to ensure public health protection.

THE EFFECT OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT ON THE THERMAL STABILITY OF CELLULOSE ACETATE

2024-06-13T06:56:38+00:00

An organic ester with good mechanical characteristics (such as a high Young's modulus and tensile strength) is cellulose acetate (CA), a biobased polymer. Over the past few decades, the thermal characteristics of CA have been extensively studied. This study looked at the morphology and thermal characteristics of plasticized CA, particularly its mass loss according to thermogravimetric analysis. The analysis and comparison of the overall thermal behavior with theoretical models was done. The results of this study may have particular significance as certain polymers have a recognized dependence on β-relaxation for their mechanical attributes; this may also apply to CA.

ANALYSIS OF HAZARDOUS COMPOUNDS IN REFILLABLE ROLL-ON PERFUMES CIRCULATING IN GORONTALO CITY USING GC-MS

2024-07-11T02:28:19+00:00

This study aims to analyze the potentially hazardous compounds in refillable roll-on perfumes. The analytical method employed was GC-MS. The results from GC-MS analysis revealed hazardous compounds including Alpha-Pinene with concentrations in samples A-E = 0.0048 ppm, 0.0035 ppm, 0.0105 ppm, 0.0038 ppm, 0.0034 ppm; Dipropylene glycol with concentrations in samples A-E = 0.0322 ppm, 0.0162 ppm, 0.0692 ppm, 0.0493 ppm, 0.0465 ppm; Limonene with concentrations in samples A-E = 0.0705 ppm, 0.0373 ppm, 0.0222 ppm, 0.1462 ppm; Linalool with concentrations in samples A-E = 0.0092 ppm, 0.0568 ppm, 0.0146 ppm, 0.1298 ppm, 0.1233 ppm; Linalyl Acetate with concentrations in samples A-E = 0.1207 ppm, 0.0719 ppm, 0.0413 ppm, 0.1418 ppm, 0.1285 ppm. The levels of these compounds in the samples are below exposure thresholds, suggesting their current use is considered safe. However, stringent government oversight is necessary for refillable perfume products available in Gorontalo City.

SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI KARBOKSIMETIL SELULOSA (CMC) DARI LIMBAH TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) SEBAGAI PENGGANTI CMC INDUSTRI

2024-08-12T04:20:10+00:00

Empty palm bunches are industrial solid waste from the manufacture of Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Currently, the number of empty palm bunches is abundant without management, so it is necessary to think about its utilization that is more useful and without causing environmental pollution. This underlies the selection of empty palm bunches as the manufacture of CMC, so as to obtain a more useful result. This study was conducted to determine how to provide Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and to determine the characteristics of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) of palm empty bunches produced. the research method of providing CMC is carried out through the process of isolation of α cellulose, delicification, swiling, bleaching, hydrolysis and the process of alkalization and carboxymethylization to produce CMC. CMC is reviewed through the parameters of Degree of Substitution, pH and purity to produce CMC that meets the requirements of SNI CMC quality 1 and SNI CMC muti II. And from the results that have been done CMC Empty Palm Bunches show results that have met the SNI standard 1. For the parameters of the Degree of Substitution 0.7990, pH 7 and purity 99.41%. And the results of FT-IR functional groups of CMC empty palm bunches get the results of O-H, C-H, C-O functional groups.

PENGARUH PERENDAMAN NAOH 5% PADA LIMBAH TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP KUALITAS PAPAN PARTIKEL DENGAN PEREKAT PP-G-MAH

2024-08-15T10:08:55+00:00

Pengaruh Perendaman NaOH 5% pada Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Terhadap kualitas Papan Partikel dengan Perekat PP-g-Mah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit yang dihaluskan pada ukuran 100 mesh dengan perendaman NaOH 5% dalam jangka waktu 12 Jam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat analisis morfologi permukaan dengan metode SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) dan gugus fungsi FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). Hasil pengujian SEM dapat diketahui bahwa sudah terjadi homogenitas antara serat dan plastik PP/BPO dan PP-g-Mah pada pembutan papan partikel hal ini terlihat adanya ikatan antara matrik dengan seratnya sangat baik, hal tersebut berhubungan erat dengan penyebaran gaya pada komposit dalam reaksi yang terjadi. Hal tersebut dapat memberikan dampak signifikan papa kualitas papan partikel yang dihasilkan dengan foto permukaan yang lebih homogen. Dari hasil SEM spesimen sampel diperoleh bahwa serbuk LTKKS tercampur dengan plastik PP/BPO/PP-g-Mah dengan baik walaupun masih ada cacat void, bubbles, blackspot dan celah rongga papan partikel. Hasil Uji FT-IR pada LTKKS/PP-g-Mah/BPO/DVB, menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsional seperti hidrokarbon, alkohol, aldehyde, asam, hidroksi, karboksilat, keton, klorida, gugus nitrat, gugus nitril, gugus amina, gugus fenol, gugus hidrogen sulfida, gugus sulfur dan gugus oksigen dan terjadi perubahan signifikan akibat pengaruh perendaman NaOH 5%.

KINERJA ALAT TIPE TRAY DRYER DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN SISTEM SOLAR CELL UNTUK PENGERINGAN BIJI KAKAO

2024-08-09T03:31:03+00:00

Pengeringan biji kakao yang dilakukan masyarakat saat ini masih secara manual (konvensional), yaitu dengan memanfaatkan energi cahaya matahari (dijemur), sehingga memakan waktu yang cukup lama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempercepat proses pengeringan pada biji kakao dengan menggunakan alat pengering tipe tray dryer. Pengering tipe tray dryer yang dirancang memanfaatkan tenaga dari solar cell sebagai media pengeringan. Pada penelitian ini, alat tray dryer dirancang memiliki kapasitas 1 kg dengan 4 tray yang berbahan aluminium, alat ini juga dilengkapi dengan solar cell berkapasitas 50 watt-peak. Parameter yang diukur pada penelitian ini di antaranya, massa biji kakao sebelum pengeringan, massa biji kakao sesudah pengeringan, temperatur masuk biji kakao, temperatur keluar biji kakao, temperatur masuk udara, temperatur keluar udara, laju udara masuk, laju udara keluar, perpindahan panas konveksi, konduksi, radiasi, humidity, dan relatif humidity dengan variasi temperatur pengeringan 60℃ dan 70℃, serta variasi waktu pengeringan 15 menit sampai 180 menit. Menentukan efisiensi alat tray dryer dari perpindahan panas secara konduksi, konveksi, dan radiasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja dari alat tray dryer cukup optimal untuk mengeringkan biji kakao karena mampu menguapkan kadar air pada biji kakao dengan nilai akhir 11,88% pada temperatur 70℃ selama 180 menit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan bahwasannya kualitas biji kakao sudah hampir mendekati ketentuan SNI-01-2323-2008 yaitu 7,5%. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan efisiensi thermal alat tertinggi dengan nilai 73,35% pada temperatur 70℃.

CONDUCTIVITY ANALYSIS OF CU/N-GRAPHENE AND NI/N-GRAPHENE AS ELECTRODES ON PRIMARY BATTERY ANODES

2024-09-18T05:18:15+00:00

This study used a modified Hummer method to synthesize Graphene and nitrogen dopant to produce N-Graphene. Cu/N-Graphene and Ni/N-Graphene electrodes were each made using the impregnation method. Conductivity analysis of graphene, N-graphene, Cu/N-Graphene, and Ni/N-Graphene was carried out using a multimeter. The conductivity data of Cu/N-Graphene (83.16 µS/cm) and Ni/N-Graphene (85.67 µS/cm) produced were higher than commercial battery anodes (26 µS/cm). These data prove that N-graphene can improve the performance of Cu/N-Graphene and Ni/N-Graphene on primary battery anodes and can be used as an alternative anode on primary battery anodes.